lørdag den 22. september 2012

the Order of the holy Cross

France : The Order of the Holy Spirit In 1578, Henry III created a decoration, la Medaille de l'Ordre du Saint-Esprit (Medal of the Order of the Holy Spirit), to unite the most important leaders of the Catholic party against the Protestants. When Louis XIV came to power, the medal was worn as a Malta cross on a light blue ribbon (un cordon bleu). Even though the original order disappeared after the French Revolution, for the next two hundred years the honor remained one of the highest accolades in the French aristocracy. It was also the forerunner of the French Legion of Honor !

Bouille from Luxembourg

part 2 Bouille

Notes for the book

qui Ces détails et ces souvenirs intéressant la fuite de la famille royale à Varennes ne se rencontrent nulle part Si nous consultons les historiens nous voyons cet événement arriver à sa date brièvement raconté rester confondu avec les autres faits généraux qui se sont succédé pendant cette longue et laborieuse transition d une ère nouvelle privé de ses circonstances les plus saissantes et perdre ainsi le caractère principal la condition essentielle de son existence
  • The details that these memories and interesting flight of the royal family at Varennes never meet anywhere If we consult the historians we see this event reach its date briefly recounted remain confused with other general facts that have succeeded during this long and laborious transition of a new era deprived of its most circumstances saissantes and lose the main character the essential condition of its existence.
  • we shall confine ourselves to the Board of Montaigne
  • If
  • abdicated Art saw the King went out of the kingdom ny not return after the invitation which will be made by the legislative body and the period to be fixed by proclamation which shall not be less than two months shall be deemed to have abdicated the kingdom  See M about History of the Revolution
  •  Monastery of Valory and all other who participated more or less actively in the event that was called after the removal royal family was made ​​on 16 July
  •  Fiction unfortunate that did not solve the issue that she pretended to solve far from it tended to show personal weakness of the King and Queen to carry out the responsibility of both business and in the near future should suffer fatal results of these terms means that no party could be satisfied
  • Investigating the causes of the many errors and contradictions in the stories that recognized the predecessors and especially in memory of Mr. Bouille and Choiseul Stainville where all defend themselves by charges of incompetence and respective negligent and let go to reach mutually responsible the failure of the company reproaches

  • Eugene

    torsdag den 20. september 2012

    From http://www.bestphotosite.net/a-statue-of-genghis-khan

    A statue of Genghis Khan



    A statue of Genghis Khan - a 40-meter statue of the Great Khan (1162-1227) on horseback, standing on the bank of Tuul River in Tsonzhin-Boldoge (54 km east of the capital of Mongolia, Ulan Bator.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 1
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 2
    According to legend, it is here that Genghis Khan, who became the Great Khan, who conquered half the world, overcoming childhood difficulties after the death of his father, found a stick on the way from Toril Khan, whom he asked for help when Mergid kidnapped his wife in 117 year.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 3
    For the Mongols, to find a whip - a good sign.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 4
    Thus, finding a whip, Genghis Khan saw this opened the way to the great, and they took possession of greed.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 5
    The statue is covered with 250 tons of stainless steel and symbolically points to the south - to China.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 7
    The statue was designed by sculptor D. Erdembileg, and raised its architect, John Enkyargal in 2008.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 9
    The cost of the statue - 4.1 million dollars.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 10
    As for the French Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty to the Americans, the Chinese Great Wall and the Taj Mahal for the Indians, and a statue of Genghis Khan has become a symbol that could be proud of all of Mongolia.
    A statue of Genghis Khan - 11
    Mongolians are hoping that this complex will help them to improve the tourism industry.

    Marco Polo, Genghis Khan, China and the Silk Road: From Alexander the Great to Kublai Khan

    Marco Polo, Genghis Khan, China and the Silk Road: From Alexander the Great to Kublai Khan

    From Google stream Kublai

    In 1259, the great Mongol Empire — which stretched from parts of China west to Russia — was shaken for the second time by the death of its leader, or khan, when Möngke, a grandson of the founder Genghis Khan, died. One of his brothers, Kublai, left his army in China, came back to Mongolia, and had himself declared the Great Khan.

    When he took the throne, Kublai was in his forties. He was the fourth son of the fourth son of Genghis and had only about a decade’s experience in military and political leadership. But he proved his worth and justified the name given him by Mongols, Setsen Khan, or “the Wise Khan.”
    Shortly after taking the throne, Kublai returned to his efforts to complete the Mongol conquest of China. The Mongols’ superb cavalry had easily overrun other lands across Central Asia, but that type of force was less effective in river-crossed and highly-urbanized China. Following the advice of Chinese advisors, Kublai built a fleet that navigated the rivers and made it possible to defeat the towns. By 1279, he was fully in control of China.
    Ironically, Kublai’s focus on China cost him control of the larger empire. During the conquest of China, regional leaders in the western parts of the Mongol Empire broke away, creating rival states.
    The Great Khan was probably quite content with China and Mongolia, however. In 1264, he moved his capital from Karakorum to Beijing, making it the capital of China for the first time. That capital was magnificent — as attested to by Venetian merchant Marco Polo, who reached it a few years later. Polo called the Khan’s palace “so vast, so rich, and so beautiful, that no man on earth could design anything superior to it.”
    Kublai ruled until his death in 1294. While his rule was a time of prosperity for China, his Yuan dynasty he founded lasted less than a hundred years. http://blog.oup.com/2012/05/kublai-khan-becomes-mongol-emperor/

    Found during the research on Kublai and Genghis

    His site is quite informative and proved usefull.

    New Kublai and Genghis webpage under contruction at http://hjertebager.wix.com/thehistorictraveler#!home/mainPage

    onsdag den 19. september 2012

    More Secret Correspondence

    I think you already said that Mr. King magnet to bed later than eleven Queen magnet instead to ensure up to an hour or two the difference in taste amenoit small frequent quarrels between the spouses which King obviated by room apart You inférerez without penalty arrangement that Mr. Queen has her freedom his enemies beautiful game to say that she abused and all ways May I say once again the visit of the Emperor change these unfortunate circumstances we are very curious to see if madame Elisabeth is very kind enough to please the prince to determine the marriage which he seemed to have abandoned Queen boasts that his project will succeed in this regard If the Emperor observe strict s incognito that it is prescribed for here I find very clever


    find well skillful January 10 I told you that the enemies of our Queen dare say his friends push these evils by saying that the king gave him gallantly to étrennes a ship while skilfully worked the way money only cost thirty thousand books and the monarch took his reward in this very sweet last night with his wife s a priest appeared before the King by bending the knees and presented a paper whose purpose was to show a way to have children were ordered to the alleged physicist that n is probably a kind of crazy to vacate

    lies in the presence of my King divine laws laws King of Heaven human kings of the earth they respect nothing Racine Corneille Voltaire Rousseau were appointed by the fanatical preacher and declared worthy of the last punishments King seemed little built but he said with moderation ordinary k II must nevertheless let him do his job but what will surprise you is that c princes and princesses of his family cheered means and maxims


    The Queen applauded means recently sent request M Necker order to reach the royal treasury one hundred and fifty thousand pounds in cash which she had an urgent need for the Director wrote to the Queen very respectfully The state treasury does not allow me to give absolutely point your Majesty's request but my fortune enables him to offer him the same amount of my purse and I will have the honor of wearing it tonight He kept his word the Queen received the miracle took the money without counting and goes everywhere it called Necker M is a charming man I have never seen such a minister he is the as yet but he might become in spite of prejudice and even more disgusted that M Taboureau everything happens nothing better than to leave the field open to Y charming man the edict of the Lombard facility is hooked by people interested in what he has not held n the cash discount is a kind of favor

    The Library -Siren School (l'Ecole Sirene)

    Much of Louis XVI’s contributions to Versailles were largely dictated by the unfinished projects left to him by his grandfather. Shortly after his ascension, Louis XVI ordered a complete replanting of the gardens with the intention of transforming the jardins français to an English-style garden, which had become popular during the late 18th century (Verlet, 1985). In the palace, the library and the salon des jeux in the petit appartement du roi and the decoration of the petit appartement de la reine for Marie-Antoinette are among the finest examples of the style Louis XVI

    [source: Wikipedia]
    image: the Library

    The Chapel


    [source: Wikipedia]
    image: Altar of the chapel of Versailles; the very spot where Marie Antoinette married Louis XVI.

    As they did when Louis XVI was king...

    Château de Versailles, Lundi, jour de fermeture, jardins, tournage d'un documentaire sur le premier vol de montgolfière à Versailles en 1783 devant Louis XVI et Marie-Antoinette.

    Palace of Versailles, Monday, closing day, gardens, shooting of a documentary film about the first flight of an airballoon in Versailles in 1783, in front of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette.

    © EPV/ Christian Milet

    From the Google stream

    Think always of me

    A last letter from Marie Antoinette - capturing the innocence and
    sweetness of her soul.

    In the early hours of October 16th, 1793, nine months after the execution of her husband, Louis XVI, the 37-year-old former Queen of France, Marie Antoinette, wrote the following tear-stained farewell letter to her sister-in-law, Madame Elisabeth, and her children. Just eight hours later, Marie Antoinette was beheaded.

    Her letter never reached Elisabeth.

    English translation of her letter:

    16th October, 4.30 A.M.

    It is to you, my sister, that I write for the last time. I have just been condemned, not to a shameful death, for such is only for criminals, but to go and rejoin your brother. Innocent like him, I hope to show the same firmness in my last moments. I am calm, as one is when one's conscience reproaches one with nothing. I feel profound sorrow in leaving my poor children: you know that I only lived for them and for you, my good and tender sister. You who out of love have sacrificed everything to be with us, in what a position do I leave you! I have learned from the proceedings at my trial that my daughter was separated from you. Alas! poor child; I do not venture to write to her; she would not receive my letter. I do not even know whether this will reach you. Do you receive my blessing for both of them. I hope that one day when they are older they may be able to rejoin you, and to enjoy to the full your tender care. Let them both think of the lesson which I have never ceased to impress upon them, that the principles and the exact performance of their duties are the chief foundation of life; and then mutual affection and confidence in one another will constitute its happiness. Let my daughter feel that at her age she ought always to aid her brother by the advice which her greater experience and her affection may inspire her to give him. And let my son in his turn render to his sister all the care and all the services which affection can inspire. Let them, in short, both feel that, in whatever positions they may be placed, they will never be truly happy but through their union. Let them follow our example. In our own misfortunes how much comfort has our affection for one another afforded us! And, in times of happiness, we have enjoyed that doubly from being able to share it with a friend; and where can one find friends more tender and more united than in one's own family? Let my son never forget the last words of his father, which I repeat emphatically; let him never seek to avenge our deaths.

    I have to speak to you of one thing which is very painful to my heart, I know how much pain the child must have caused you. Forgive him, my dear sister; think of his age, and how easy it is to make a child say whatever one wishes, especially when he does not understand it. It will come to pass one day, I hope, that he will better feel the value of your kindness and of your tender affection for both of them. It remains to confide to you my last thoughts. I should have wished to write them at the beginning of my trial; but, besides that they did not leave me any means of writing, events have passed so rapidly that I really have not had time.

    I die in the Catholic Apostolic and Roman religion, that of my fathers, that in which I was brought up, and which I have always professed. Having no spiritual consolation to look for, not even knowing whether there are still in this place any priests of that religion (and indeed the place where I am would expose them to too much danger if they were to enter it but once), I sincerely implore pardon of God for all the faults which I may have committed during my life. I trust that, in His goodness, He will mercifully accept my last prayers, as well as those which I have for a long time addressed to Him, to receive my soul into His mercy. I beg pardon of all whom I know, and especially of you, my sister, for all the vexations which, without intending it, I may have caused you. I pardon all my enemies the evils that they have done me. I bid farewell to my aunts and to all my brothers and sisters. I had friends. The idea of being forever separated from them and from all their troubles is one of the greatest sorrows that I suffer in dying. Let them at least know that to my latest moment I thought of them.

    Farewell, my good and tender sister. May this letter reach you. Think always of me; I embrace you with all my heart, as I do my poor dear children. My God, how heart-rending it is to leave them forever! Farewell! Farewell! I must now occupy myself with my spiritual duties, as I am not free in my actions. Perhaps they will bring me a priest; but I here protest that I will not say a word to him, but that I will treat him as a total stranger

    The full article including the original French transcript of the letter as well as images of the original letter:
    http://www.lettersofnote.com/2012/07/think-always-of-me.html

    ____________________
    Source: Tea at Trianon
    http://teaattrianon.blogspot.co.uk/2007/05/last-letter-of-marie-antoinette.html
    Image: Portrait of Marie Antoinette at age 12, Martin Van Meytens, 1767.
    Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

    Marie-Antoinette and Louis XVI accede to the throne


    Just for enjoyment

    Just for the beauty of it all


    I would like to go to everyone of theese places and they are breathtaking

    Kings bedroom

    Kings bedroom


    Fikri M

    29/12/2011 - Offentlig
    Link : “Baldacchino Supreme“ , the world most expensive bed designed by Stuart Hughes, cost about $ USD 6,3 million. More info : http://www.odditycentral.com/news/worlds-most-expensive-bed-costs-6-3-million.html

    Right : King bedroom Louis XIV, chateau du Versaille, France

    which you prefer?

    Correspondance secrète inédite sur Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette, la Cour et ...

    and the Queen dared after sunset the King come in this orgy and stay until five o'clock in the morning that her husband s saw the morning when she came into his room to wish him good morning that she had not slept and n the fort had pushed hard


    A royal window  Maurice Loy

    Versailles Castle

    View from the King's bedroom, on the gardens

    søndag den 16. september 2012

    The Search


    There were rumours concerning a standard containing clues to the site that had been removed by the Soviets from a Buddhist monastery in 1937, and rumours concerning a curse leading to the death of two French archaeologists (comparable to the curse of the tomb of TamerlaneGur-e Amir).
    On October 6, 2004, "Genghis Khan's palace" was allegedly discovered, and that may make it possible to find his burial site.[2]
    Amateur archaeologist Maury Kravitz has dedicated 40 years to the search of the tomb. In a 15th-century account of a French Jesuit, he found a reference to an early battle where Genghis Khan, at the time still known as Temüjin, won a decisive victory. According to this source, he selected the confluence of theKherlen and "Bruchi" rivers, with Burkhan Khaldun over his right shoulder, and after his victory, Temüjin said that this place would be forever his favourite. Kravitz, convinced that Temüjin's grave would be near that battlefield attempted to find the "Bruchi" river, which turned out to be unknown to cartographers. He did, however, discover a toponym "Baruun Bruch" ("West Bruch") in the area in question, and as of 2006 is conducting excavations there, roughly 100 km east of the Burkhan Khaldun (48°N 110°E, the wider area of Bayanbulag).

    Picture for Khan

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Genghis_Khan

    Genghis Khan asked to be buried without markings. After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia and presumably to his birthplace in the Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River. According to legend, the funeral escort killed anyone and anything across their path, to conceal where he was finally buried.[citation needed] After the tomb was completed, the slaves who built it were massacred, and then the soldiers who killed them were also killed.[1] The Genghis Khan Mausoleum is his memorial, but not his burial site. Folklore says that a river was diverted over his grave to make it impossible to find (echoing the manner of burial of the Sumerian King Gilgamesh of Uruk).[1] Other tales state that his grave was stampeded over by many horses, that trees were then planted over the site, and the permafrost also played its part in the hiding of the burial site.[1] The Erdeni Tobchi (1662) claims that Genghis Khan's coffin may have been empty when it arrived in Mongolia. Similarly, the Altan Tobchi (1604) maintains that only his shirt, tent and boots were buried in the Ordos (Ratchnevsky, p. 143f.). Tumbull (2003, p. 24) tells another legend in which the grave was re-discovered 30 years after Genghis Khan's death. According to this tale, a young camel was buried with the Khan, and the camel's mother was later found weeping at the grave of its young.

    LLI River


    Vis stort kort


     On his way home after the conquest of the Khwarizmian Empire, Genghis Khan performed a ceremony on his grandsons Mongke and Kublai after their first hunt in 1224 near the Ili Rive

    Lost tomb of Khan video


    ¨Video of Khan empire


    Begining of Kublai Khan and Ghengis Khan

    http://hjertebager.wix.com/thehistorictraveler#!home/mainPage

    You can get at idea of the proces in making a "On the trail" project on the above link, as I have started the Kublai and Ghengis trail.

    fredag den 14. september 2012

    Kublin Khan

    Kublin Khans wife


  • Weatherford, Jack. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World.
  • Man, John (2004). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection. London; New York: Bantam Press. ISBN 0-593-05044-4.
  • Man, John (2007). Kublai Khan: The Mongol King Who Remade China. London; New York: Bantam Press. ISBN 978-0-553-81718-8.
  • Morgan, David (1986). The Mongols. New York: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-17563-6.
  • Rossabi, Morris. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times (University of California Press (May 1, 1990)) ISBN 0-520-06740-1.
  • Saunders, J.J. The History of the Mongol Conquests (University of Pennsylvania Press (March 1, 2001)) ISBN 0-8122-1766-7.
  • Clements, Jonathan (2010). A Brief History of Khubilai Khan. Philadelphia: Running Press. ISBN 978-0-7624-3987-4.

  • More Research Kublin Khan

    http://socyberty.com/history/interesting-facts-about-genghis-khan/



    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublai_Khan

    Summerpalace
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanadu


    There is at this place a very fine marble Palace,

    Capital of Djengis Khan
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum

    Dschingis Khan und seine Erben (exhibition catalogue), München 2005

    Research Kublin Khan

    The aimag borders with Russia in the north. The neighbouring aimags are Selenge in the northwest, Töv in the west, Govisümber in the southwest, Dornogovi in the south, Sükhbaatar in the southeast, and Dornod in the east. The border to Töv is divided by the city of Baganuur, an administrative exclave of Ulaanbaatar.
    The northwest of the aimag is covered by the eastern part of the Khentii Mountains, towards the southeast the landscape changes into the eastern Mongolian steppe plains. The mountain Burkhan Khaldun in the Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area is considered sacred, and assumed to be the birthplace of Genghis Khan.
    South of Burkhan Khaldun the Kherlen River originates, which crosses the south of the aimag in eastern direction after a detour through Töv. A little further east is the spring of the Onon River. The Balj-Onon National Park is located in the northeast of the aimag.


    http://german.china.org.cn/culture/txt/2008-10/27/content_16673549_2.htm
    http://tomongolia.blogspot.dk/2012/06/khentii-sums-naadam-2012.html

    http://www.doncroner.com/2005/08/mongolia-khentii-aimag-yestiyn-rashaan.html

    onsdag den 12. september 2012

    Secret rooms at Versailles

    Videos for The webpage

    Up - date on The Book


    The Historic Traveler on the Trail of the lost Treasure of Marie – Antoinette and Louis XVI



    Chapter one: Louis XVI


    Birth
    Page 1: The actual birth
    Page 2: The Parents(Picture)
    Page 3: Appearance
    Page 4: Baptisme – Name

    Childhood
    Page 1: Wetnurse
    Page 2: Brothers – Sisters (older brother + Elizabeth)
    Page 3: Parents and Louis XV
    Page 4: Education – Religion
    Page 5: Sparetime
    Page 6: Deaths of his parents.

    Teenager
    Page 1: Marriage to Marie-antoinette
    Page 2: Wedding ceramony
    Page 3: Louis XV interest in Marie- Antionette
    Page 4: Versailles
    Page 5: Living seperate lives
    Page 6: appearance

    King of France
    Page 1: Coronation at Reims
    Page 2: Journal
    Page 3: Marriage and Children
    Page 4: Cherbourg
    Page 5: Political rule



    Birth of Louis XVI of France | History Today

    Birth of Louis XVI of France | History Today

    mandag den 10. september 2012

    Up - date on Louis XVI

    • Born
    • Childhood - as he was the third born son his parent were far more attentive to his older brother the furture King who also happend to be a handsom and intelligent boy. A favorite by the parents and in the nursery.
    • Teenage: marriage to Marie Antionette - and living sperate lives
    • adult - trying to emplement idea from the Enlightment but stop by the noblility.
    • adult - secrectly sell amminition to the Americans against the UK

    I will would like to recomend

    Good afternoon All

    Today I would like to recomend the historic accounts or stories by


    http://marilynkaydennis.wordpress.com/2010/07/24/the-youth-of-louis-xvi-of-france-part-9/#comment-2421

    Not only are they well - written but also informative.

    I - of course- read the Louis XVI pages in research for my webpage.

    http://www.juhl-andersen.com/

    Which is the web-page for the Historic Traveller and "On the Trail of " series.

    Newest photo addition. Louis XVI father Louis The Dauphin that died before his father leaving Louis (XVI) to King at ....

    søndag den 9. september 2012

    Hello Modern day treasure hunters

    Today we had up-dated the Louis XVi profil and the Pearls desceprtion

    Allegde Bird of Paradise found at Leonard

    mandag den 3. september 2012

    Britanica Biography

    John Lackland


    1199-1216 AD



    John was born on Christmas Eve 1167. His parents drifted apart after his birth; his youth was divided between his eldest brother Henry's house, where he learned the art of knighthood, and the house of his father's justiciar, Ranulf Glanvil, where he learned the business of government. As the fourth child, inherited lands were not available to him, giving rise to his nickname, Lackland. His first marriage lasted but ten years and was fruitless, but his second wife, Isabella of Angouleme, bore him two sons and three daughters. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Joan, who married Llywelyn the Great, Ruler of All Wales, from which the Tudor line of monarchs was descended. The survival of the English government during John's reign is a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially.

    The Angevin family feuds profoundly marked John. He and Richard clashed in 1184 following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes surrender Aquitane to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves; the experiment was a total failure and John returned home within six months. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during the German captivity and conspired with Philip II in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow.

    John's reign was troubled in many respects. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury; the issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal.

    John proved extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By spring 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May 1215. At Runnymeade in the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The document, a declaration of feudal rights, stressed three points. First, the Church was free to make ecclesiastic appointments. Second, larger-than-normal amounts of money could only be collected with the consent of the king's feudal tenants. Third, no freeman was to be punished except within the context of common law. Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the South and rebellion from his barons in the North.

    John was remembered in elegant fashion by Sir Richard Baker in A Chronicle of the Kings of England: ". . .his works of piety were very many . . . as for his actions, he neither came to the crown by justice, nor held it with any honour, nor left it peace."

    Research on John the Bad

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Bad


    A drawing of King John wearing a crown and a red robe. The king is sat down and stroking two hunting dogs.A map of England showing King John's march north and back south with solid black and dashed arrows.

    A photograph of a tall stone castle keep; most of the towers are square, but one is circular.A photograph of a page of Magna Carta, a wide page of dense, small medieval writing.

    In September 1216 John began a fresh, vigorous attack. He marched from the Cotswolds, feigned an offensive to relieve the besieged Windsor Castle, and attacked eastwards around London to Cambridge to separate the rebel-held areas of Lincolnshire and East Anglia.[213] From there he travelled north to relieve the rebel siege at Lincoln and back east to King's Lynn, probably to order further supplies from the continent.[214][nb 15] In King's Lynn, John contracted dysentery, which would ultimately prove fatal.[214] Meanwhile, Alexander II invaded northern England again, taking Carlisle in August and then marching south to give homage to Prince Louis for his English possessions; John narrowly missed intercepting Alexander along the way.[215] Tensions between Louis and the English barons began to increase, prompting a wave of desertions, including William Marshal's son William and William Longespée, who both returned to John's faction.[216]
    The king returned west but is said to have lost a significant part of his baggage train along the way.[217] Roger of Wendover provides the most graphic account of this, suggesting that the king's belongings, including the Crown Jewels, were lost as he crossed one of the tidal estuaries which empties into the Wash, being sucked in by quicksand and whirlpools.[217] Accounts of the incident vary considerably between the various chroniclers and the exact location of the incident has never been confirmed; the losses may have involved only a few of his pack-horses.[218] Modern historians assert that by October 1216 John faced a "stalemate", "a military situation uncompromised by defeat".[219]
    John's illness grew worse and by the time he reached Newark Castle he was unable to travel any further; John died on the night of 18 October.[4][220] Numerous – probably fictitious – accounts circulated soon after his death that he had been killed by poisoned ale, poisoned plums or a "surfeit of peaches".[221] His body was escorted south by a company of mercenaries and he was buried in Worcester Cathedral in front of the altar of St Wulfstan.[222] A new sarcophagus with an effigy was made for him in 1232, in which his remains now rest.[223]
    Wikipedia